ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Nppc: GeneID: 18159
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Smad1: GeneID: 17125; Smad5: GeneID: 17129; Smad8: GeneID: 55994
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 13645
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Activin receptor IIA: GeneID: 11480; Activin receptor IIB: GeneID: 11481
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Junc: GeneID: 16476 ; Junb: GeneID: 16477
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 12540
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=MKK4: GeneID: 26398 ; MKK7: GeneID: 26400
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 16870 PMID: 17005264
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 14083
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 15903
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 14715
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= c-fos: GeneID: 14281 ; Fosb: GeneID: 14282
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Tcf7: GeneID: 21414 ; Tcf3: GeneID: 21415
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Gnai1: GeneID: 14677; Gnao1: GeneID: 14681 PMID: 16959402 It shows that dopaminD2 agonists significantly reduce PACAP mediated cAMP production possibly by activating Gai/o.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 328572 PMID: 14681221 PMID: 10318795
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.GENE.GENE.5' FSHbeta
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 11910 PMID: 15961508 Transcript profiling of immediate early genes reveals a unique role for activating transcription factor 3 in mediating activation of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. PMID: 22446101 GnRH Regulation of Jun and Atf3 Requires Calcium, Calcineurin, and NFAT.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Nppc: GeneID: 18159
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Inhba: GeneID: 16323; Inhbb: GeneID: 16324
1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Prkar1b: GeneID: 19085
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= IRS-1: GeneID: 16367
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Gnb1: GeneID: 14688; Gnb2: GeneID: 14693; Gnb3: GeneID: 14695; Gnb4: GeneID: 14696; Gnb5: GeneID: 14697
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Pla2g4a: GeneID: 18783; Pla2g6: GeneID: 53357; Pla2g4c: GeneID: 232889
Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=TGF-beta1: GeneID: 21803 ; TGF-beta2: GeneID: 21808
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Gnai1: GeneID: 14677; Gnai2: GeneID: 14678; Gnai3: GeneID: 14679
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 18519
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Mir132: GeneID: 387150; Mir212: GeneID: 387208
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F
Insulin receptor substrate 3, isoform CRA_a (Fragment)
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16001
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 18986 PMID: 15388790 It is shown that OCT-1 binds to SURG-1 element of GnRH receptor promoter. By GnRH exposure, OCT-1 binding to GnRH receptor promoter is increased. PMID: 19333792 This study suggests that the two most proximal homeodomain-binding sites (Hbox1 and Hbox2) in the murine GnRHR promoter may regulate the promoter in a developmentally dependent fashion and that Oct-1 acts at multiple but distinct TAAT sites to support basal transcription. The Hbox1 region displayed specific binding to homeoprotein Oct-1.
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Nab1: GeneID: 17936; Nab2: GeneID: 17937 PMID: 17299135 NAB1/2 is shown to inhibit EGR1 acting on LHb promoter lowering LHb inducibility.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 15561
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= IRS-1: GeneID: 16367; IRS-2: GeneID: 384783; IRS-3: GeneID: 16369; IRS-4: GeneID: 16370
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=JNK1: GeneID: 26419; JNK2: GeneID: 26420
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.PROTEIN.GENERIC.Annexin A5
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.PROTEIN.RECEPTOR.PG Rcs
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= EP1: GeneID: 19216; EP2: GeneID: 19217; EP3: GeneID: 19218; EP4: GeneID: 19219; FP: GeneID: 19220; IP: GeneID: 19222
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 13489
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Nfatc1: GeneID: 18018; Nfatc2: GeneID: 18019; Nfatc3: GeneID: 18021; Nfatc4: GeneID: 73181 PMID: 19858197 GnRH signaling: increasing [Ca(2+)](i) causes calmodulin/calcineurin-dependent nuclear NFAT translocation, a response involving proteins (calmodulins and NFATs) that decode frequency in other systems.
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 19353
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6
Transforming growth factor beta receptor type 3
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 11450
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 11516
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Gucy1b3: GeneID: 54195; Gucy1b2: GeneID: 239134;
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Gnaq: GeneID: 14682; Gna11: GeneID: 14672
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.PROTEIN.GENERIC.Ca/CaMK II
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 19116
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.GENE.GENE.5' LHbeta
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.PROTEIN.ION_CHANNEL.L-type Ca2+
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Cacna1c: GeneID: 12288 ; Cacna1d: GeneID: 12289 ; Cacna1s: GeneID: 12292 ; Cacna1f: GeneID: 54652
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Nfya: GeneID: 18044 ; Nfyb: GeneID: 18045 ; Nfyc: GeneID: 18046 PMID: 15388790 It is shown that NF-Y binds to SURG-1 element on the GnRH receptor promoter. By GnRH exposure, NF-Y binding to GnRH receptor promoter is increased.
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Bmpr1a: GeneID: 12166; Bmpr1b: GeneID: 12167 ; Bmpr2: GeneID: 12168
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Plcb1: GeneID: 18795
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2
85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 14683 PMID: 12050161 Cell permeable peptide inhibitor blocked downstream responses and GnRH stimulated cAMP production and GTP loading.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Gpld1: GeneID: 14756
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4
Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=protein kinase C, alpha: GeneID: 18750 ; protein kinase C, beta: GeneID: 18751 ; protein kinase C, delta: GeneID: 18753 ; protein kinase C, epsilon: GeneID: 18754 ; protein kinase C, zeta: GeneID: 18762
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 230103
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= tubulin, alpha 1A: GeneID: 22142; tubulin, alpha 1B: GeneID: 22143; tubulin, alpha 1C: GeneID: 22146
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 22330
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Map2k1: GeneID: 26395; Map2k2: GeneID: 26396
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 60531
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 110542
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=MKK3: GeneID: 26397; MKK6: GeneID: 26399
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 104418
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= BMP6: GeneID: 12161; BMP7: GeneID: 12162
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 14702
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=MEK1: GeneID: 26395 ; MEK2: GeneID: 26396
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=PKC epsilon: GeneID: 18754; PKC theta: GeneID: 18761
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= BMP2: GeneID: 12156; BMP4: GeneID: 12159; BMP15: GeneID: 12155
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Itpr1: GeneID: 16438 ; Itpr2: GeneID: 16439 ; Itpr3: GeneID: 16440
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=p38-alpha: GeneID: 26416 ; p38-beta: GeneID: 19094 ; p38-gamma: GeneID: 29857 ; p38-delta: GeneID: 26415
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=ERK1: GeneID: 26417 ; ERK2: GeneID: 26413
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 13
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 21417 PMID:17823254 This shows that overexpression of Zfhx1a (Zeb1) decreases regulation of the LHb promoter. This connection is weak as the study does not explore knockdown of endogenous Zfhx1a by siRNA.
Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 13649
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 18514 PMID:14764653 It shows that pbx1 binds to FSHb promoter and mutation at pbx1 binding site totally abrogates the induction of FSHb promoter activity by activin. It shows that pbx1 form complex with smads and prep1.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=PPARalpha: GeneID: 19013 ; PPARgamma: GeneID: 19016
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Otx1: GeneID: 18423 PMID: 15961509 PMID: 12040015
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16478
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.GENE.GENE.Annexin A5
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit: GeneID: 105787 ; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit: GeneID: 108079; protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit: GeneID: 19079 ; protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 2 non-catalytic subunit: GeneID: 108097; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit: GeneID: 19082; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit: GeneID: 108099
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 19109
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 15370 PMID: 19858197 Using live cell imaging, pulsatile GnRH caused dose- and frequency-dependent increases in nuclear NFAT2-emerald fluorescent protein, and at low frequency, translocation simply tracked GnRH exposure. GnRH also caused dose- and frequency-dependent activation of alphaGSU, luteinizing hormone beta, and follicle-stimulating hormone beta luciferase reporters, effects that were blocked by calcineurin inhibition. PMID: 21986493 Calcineurin mediates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone effect on expression of both subunits of the follicle-stimulating hormone through distinct mechanisms.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16706
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Smad2: GeneID: 17126; Smad3: GeneID: 17127; Smad4: GeneID: 17128
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Adipor1: GeneID: 72674 ; Adipor2: GeneID: 68465
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16334
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Map3k1: GeneID: 26401; Map3k2: GeneID: 26405 ; Map3k3: GeneID: 26406 ; Map3k4: GeneID: 26407; Map3k5: GeneID: 26408 ; Map3k6: GeneID: 53608; Map3k7: GeneID: 26409 ; Map3k8: GeneID: 26410 ; Map3k9: GeneID: 338372; Map3k10: GeneID: 269881 ; Map3k11: GeneID: 26403 ; Map3k12: GeneID: 26404; Map3k13: GeneID: 71751 ; Map3k14: GeneID: 53859
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.RNA.RNA.Annexin A5
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16337
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Map4k1: GeneID: 26411 ; Map4k2: GeneID: 26412; Map4k3: GeneID: 225028 ; Map4k4: GeneID: 26921 ; Map4k5: GeneID: 399510
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.PROTEIN.GENERIC.Syt IV
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 20983 SytIV=Synaptotagmin IV
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14
Translation attenuation of LHbeta and CGA mRNAs
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Gata-2: GeneID: 14461; Gata-4: GeneID: 14463 PMID: 21571865 The data characterize the ability of GATA2 and GATA4 to stimulate LHβ gene promoter activity, both alone and in synergy with SF-1 and LRH-1. The GATA factors act via a DNA-regulatory region which overlaps a previously described Pitx-1 binding site and is positioned between two SF-1/LRH-1 cis-elements.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 17979
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16000
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4
Cell division control protein 42 homolog
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Adcy1: GeneID: 432530
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 19303
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=nPKCs=novel PKCs protein kinase C, delta: GeneID: 18753 ; protein kinase C, epsilon: GeneID: 18754
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 18771 PMID: 14764653 It shows that prep1 binds to FSHb promoter region and mutation at prep1 binding site totally abrogates the induction of FSHb promoter activity by activin. It shows that prep1 forms complex with smads and pbx1.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 11480
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 11517
Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
Phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=Pitx1: GeneID: 18740 ; Pitx2: GeneID: 18741 PMID: 15961509 PMID: 18339718 This study shows that PITXs bind to FSHb promoter and mutation at binding site reduces the basal and induced activity of FSHb, but not fold induction. PITXs interacts with smad3 when activin is provided. PMID: 12554780 This study shows that pitx binds to FSHb promoter, and the overexpression of pitx increases the promoter activity of FSHb. PMID: 11328855 Mutation on pitx1 site reduces both basal and induced LHb activity. PMID: 16087728 Pitx1 stimulates the rat LHbeta gene promoter via two Pitx1 DNA-regulatory regions.
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.GENE.GENE.3' FSHbeta
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 11835 PMID: 16675544 This study uses overexpression of the AR in order to show regulation of the FSHb promoter. This does not necessarily provide evidence of endogenous responsiveness to androgen. PMID: 18079204 This study shows that AR interacts with smad2/3/4 in vitro, and androgen and activin act synergistically to induce FSHb promoter activity when AR is overexpressed. PMID: 11682622 In the study, DHT treatment increases the mRNA expression level of GnRH receptor. PMID: 11682622 This study shows that SP1 binds to the proximal and distal promoter regions of LHb promoter. DHT treatment reduces LHb promoter activity by 75% and is dependent on functional AR. AR directly interacts with SP1 where the interaction reduces SP1 binding to LHb promoter.
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 14784
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 5970
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 18125 NOSI=neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase type I
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 12389
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 20807
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 20683 PMID: 19666697 Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed Sp1/Sp3 proteins form major complexes within this region of the Nppc promoter. PMID: 10935547 The data suggest that the Sp1, SF-1, and Egr-1 binding sites form a tripartite GnRH response element in the rat LHbeta gene promoter. PMID: 11682622 This study shows that SP1 binds to the proximal and distal promoter regions of LHb promoter. DHT treatment reduces LHb promoter activity by 75% and is dependent on functional AR. AR directly interacts with SP1 where the interaction reduces SP1 binding to LHb promoter.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 11705
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.PROTEIN.RECEPTOR.alpha-beta integrin dimer
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Itga1: GeneID: 109700 ; Itgb1: GeneID: 16412
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 13712
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16322
ENTITY_REFERENCE_ID_DESC=untitled.GENE.GENE.3' LHbeta
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 16323
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 18667 PMID: 16675544 This study uses overexpression of the PR in order to show regulation of the FSHb promoter. This does not necessarily provide evidence of endogenous responsiveness to progesterone. PMID: 18079204 This study shows that PR interacts with smad2/3/4 in vitro, and progesterone and activin act synergistically to induce FSHb promoter activity when PR is overexpressed. PMID: 19106225 This study shows that progesterone reduces LHb inducibility by GnRH. By progesterone treatment, progesterone receptor binds to the PRE sites of LHb promoter and blocks LHb promoter activity. Both dominant negative of PR and deletion of PRE site block progesterone mediated LHb inhibition.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= GeneID: 15902
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= protein kinase C, alpha: GeneID: 18750 ; protein kinase C, delta: GeneID: 18753 ; protein kinase C, epsilon: GeneID: 18754
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES=GeneID: 17172 PMID:18760324 This study shows that MASH1 binds to E-box site on the GnRHR promoter in LbT2 cells. It is shown that mutation at E-box reduces GnRHR expression.
ENTITY_REFERENCE_NOTES= Sos1: GeneID: 20662; Sos2: GeneID: 20663
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A