Panther Pathway: P02721 ATP Synthesis (Oxidative Phosphorylation): ================================= The process responsible for the for mation of ATP from ADP and phosphate in the mitochondria is known as oxidative phosphorylation to distinguish it from the sustrate-level phosphorylation in the glycolytic pathway that can take place in the absence of oxygen. The enrgy required for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria is released by the removal of pairs of hydrogens from a range of substrates including pyruvate, glutamate, and intermediates in the TCA cycle and in the beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. These substrate oxidations are coupled to the reduction of the coenzymes NAD+ or FAD in the mitochondrial matrix. The reduced forms of these coenzymes are reoxidized by molecular oxygen using a series of electron carriers on the inner membrane is known as the respiratory chain. References: ========== 1. Human Metabolism by Ramsey Bronk 2. Biochemiscal Pathways - An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Edited by Gerhard Michal. 3. Color Atlas of Biochemistry by Jan Koolman and Klaus-Heinrich Rohm. 4.0 s282 PROTEIN p81 s282 PROTEIN p82 s282 PROTEIN p81 s292 PROTEIN p85 s292 PROTEIN p86 s292 PROTEIN p87 s294 PROTEIN p80 s294 PROTEIN p80 s294 PROTEIN p80 SQUARE_CLOSEUP_NORTH SQUARE_CLOSEUP_SOUTH inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive Sethuraman Anand SRI International Matrix Outer Compartment inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE H_sub_2_endsub_O outerSurface PROTEIN p74 outerSurface PROTEIN p75 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ATP_super_4- inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ATP_super_4- inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ATP_super_3- inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ATP_super_3- outerSurface PROTEIN p78 inside ION P_sub_i_endsub__super_-_endsuper_ inside ION H_super_+_endsuper_ inside ION P_sub_i_endsub__super_-_endsuper_ inside ION H_super_+_endsuper_ transmembrane COMPLEX Complex_br_(F_sub_1_endsub_ _beta_/F_sub_1_endsub_ _gamma_/_br_F_sub_1_endsub_ _beta_) Cytochromes; outerSurface PROTEIN p83 innerSurface PROTEIN p84 UQ - Ubiquinone; UQH2 - Reduced ubiquinone; FAD - Flavin adenine nucleotide; FeS - Iron Sulfur protein; Cytochromes; outerSurface COMPLEX Complex_br_(Cyt bc_sub_1_endsub_/UQ_br_UQH_sub_2_endsub_/_br_FAD_br_FeS) inside COMPLEX Complex_br_(F_sub_1_endsub_ _alpha_/F_sub_1_endsub_ _alpha_/_br_F_sub_1_endsub_ _alpha_) Flavin mononucleotide outerSurface PROTEIN p88 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE NADH inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE NAD_super_+_endsuper_ inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE Succinate inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE Fumarate inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE 2H_super_+_endsuper_ + 1/2O_sub_2_endsub_ STATE_TRANSITION 0.7613379612953892,2.6645352591003757E-15 a251 a315 a321 a314 STATE_TRANSITION 0.0895701293411566,0.001446664099939099 0.6830810736338107,-0.0028820055771996422 a317 a318 a320 a311 STATE_TRANSITION 0.7846281285131003,-9.466895449818935E-4 a214 a241 a305 TRANSPORT 0.33439659665835314,0.001832114806413182 0.7887734849253301,-0.001087242206808281 a267 a266 a253 TRANSPORT 0.4516080926383891,2.7774983502015793E-4 0.6717849624215727,0.0012023661040823086 a264 a265 a253 TRANSPORT 0.16998786781705388,-0.0026997148762868406 0.6121148159617436,0.005816076498383449 a258 a236 a257 TRANSPORT 0.4611938027247222,-9.61864476283214E-4 0.8198555982838991,2.6964242058058474E-4 a259 a260 a257 HETERODIMER_ASSOCIATION 0.6051730042475565,-0.001627403631419 0.002898550724634852,0.32392532547285446 a260 a265 a304 a302