Panther Pathway: P00044 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors are found on striated muscle at the neuromuscular junction and in the brain. They are one of the best understood receptors, often used as the model ion channel/receptor. The understanding of these receptors' actions by Fatt and Katz (1952; J Physiol 117:109-128) led to a basic understanding of neuronal transmission of information. When activated by acetylcholine released from nerves, these receptors depolarize the muscle cell and trigger muscle contraction. The best known agonist for these receptors is nicotine, but nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain (those effected by smoking cigarettes) are still relatively poorly understood compared to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Website=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12494401 Website=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14754450 Website=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2099742 Website=http://www.unifr.ch/biochem/DREYER/Neurotransmitters/acetylcholine.htm PMID: 12494401 PMID: 14754450 PMID: 2099742 4.0 s139 PROTEIN p21 s145 PROTEIN p22 s145 PROTEIN p23 s145 PROTEIN p24 s147 PROTEIN p17 s147 SIMPLE_MOLECULE ACh s149 PROTEIN p14 s149 SIMPLE_MOLECULE choline s166 PROTEIN p20 s166 PROTEIN p19 SQUARE_CLOSEUP_NORTHEAST SQUARE SQUARE_CLOSEUP_SOUTHEAST SQUARE inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive active inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive active inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive inactive We need these proteins? Bandrowski Anita SRI International synaptic vessicle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Striated Muscle Nerve Terminal Long Name: ACh Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01790 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ACh Long Name: N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor Synonym: SNARE Accession: P01091 transmembrane PROTEIN p11 Long Name: ACh Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01790 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ACh Long Name: choline acetyltransferase Synonym: CAT,CHAT Accession: P01087 inside PROTEIN p12 Long Name: choline Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01792 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE choline Long Name: Acetyl CoA Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01794 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE Acetyl CoA Long Name: ACh Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01790 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ACh Long Name: acetylcholinesterase Synonym: ACHE,AChE Accession: P01093 inside PROTEIN p13 Long Name: Acetyl CoA Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01794 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE Acetyl CoA Long Name: choline Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01792 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE choline Long Name: high affinity choline transporter Synonym: cht1 Accession: P01098 transmembrane PROTEIN p14 Long Name: K+ Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U02500 inside ION K_super_+ Long Name: K+ Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U02500 inside ION K_super_+ Long Name: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Synonym: nACh,nAChR Accession: P01086 transmembrane PROTEIN p10 Long Name: Ca2+ Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U02498 inside ION Ca_super_2+ Long Name: Ca2+ Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U02498 inside ION Ca_super_2+ Long Name: Actin Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: P01090 inside PROTEIN p20 Long Name: Muscle Contraction Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U02497 inside PHENOTYPE Muscle Contraction Long Name: ATP Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01791 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ATP Long Name: ADP Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: S01793 inside SIMPLE_MOLECULE ADP Long Name: Long Name: nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05404 Heterodimer Member Info: alpha#PROTEIN#nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha#P01088#ACHRA|CHNRA|CHRNA1|nAChalpha# transmembrane COMPLEX Complex_br_(_alpha_/_alpha_) Long Name: Long Name: Acetylcholine receptor protein, beta Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05406 Heterodimer Member Info: delta#PROTEIN#Acetylcholine receptor protein, delta#P01092#Acetylcholine receptor protein#;gamma#PROTEIN#Acetylcholine receptor protein, gamma#P01094#Acetylcholine receptor protein#;beta#PROTEIN#Acetylcholine receptor protein, beta#P01095#Acetylcholine receptor protein# transmembrane COMPLEX Complex_br_(_beta_/_gamma_/_br__delta_) Long Name: VAChT Synonym: CG32848 Accession: P01089 transmembrane PROTEIN p17 Long Name: Long Name: Long name not specified Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05403 Heterodimer Member Info: ACh#SIMPLE_MOLECULE#ACh#S01790##;VAChT#PROTEIN#VAChT#P01089#CG32848# transmembrane COMPLEX Complex_br_(VAChT/ACh) Long Name: Long Name: Long name not specified Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05405 Heterodimer Member Info: choline#SIMPLE_MOLECULE#choline#S01792##;CHT1#PROTEIN#high affinity choline transporter#P01098#cht1# transmembrane COMPLEX Complex_br_(CHT1/choline) Long Name: Myosin Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: P01097 inside PROTEIN p19 Long Name: Long Name: Long name not specified Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05407 Heterodimer Member Info: Actin#PROTEIN#Actin#P01090##;Myosin#PROTEIN#Myosin#P01097## inside COMPLEX Complex_br_(Actin/Myosin) Long Name: Long Name: Na2+ Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05408 inside ION Na_super_+ Long Name: Long Name: Na2+ Synonym: Synonym not specified Accession: U05408 inside ION Na_super_+ Long Name: Calcium Channel Synonym: Ca2+ channel Accession: P01096 transmembrane PROTEIN p18 HETERODIMER_ASSOCIATION 0.007784370683342257,0.5819554155066476 a79 a80 a81 a78 DISSOCIATION -0.004928849254281609,0.5794824945388553 a4 a88 a87 a85 TRANSPORT 0.4284037558685445,0.0 a18 a17 a177 TRANSPORT 0.4297223069880989,-0.0011595971925606463 a98 a97 a177 STATE_TRANSITION a106 a108 a17 TRANSPORT 0.3466722176289032,0.0018919876765335353 a109 a110 a108 HETERODIMER_ASSOCIATION 0.010910706130730308,0.09631430726947787 0.6584524490400838,0.8883559804143637 a155 a146 a74 HETERODIMER_ASSOCIATION 0.10244503757910955,0.24833818510443173 a81 a99 a160 DISSOCIATION 0.008882251967099686,0.48532080476535233 a160 a99 a77 HETERODIMER_ASSOCIATION 0.5086857586857587,0.2687728937728937 a88 a89 a163 DISSOCIATION 0.5384910738188846,0.16605021769455197 a163 a80 a89 TRANSPORT a87 a79 STATE_TRANSITION a74 a177 a4 HETERODIMER_ASSOCIATION 0.1725256131878865,-0.0021986126288515706 0.5203625453573801,0.007558037690644781 -0.006072926501733189,0.2703624486963969 a112 a111 a121 a183 a122 a110 TRANSPORT 0.44059458120658057,-0.0056771932739243525 a77 a4 a76 MODULATION a183 a117